and grammarian

Attēius (better Atēius), ii, m., the name of several Latin grammarians.

Atteius Philologus, a distinguished rhetorician and grammarian, friend of Sallust and Asinius Pollio, Suet. Gram. 7 and 10; Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 601; 1, 273; 5, 45; Fest. pp. 179, 182, 187, 248 al.; Charis. p. 102 P.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 523; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 207, 1; also an historian, Suet. Gram. 10; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 285.—

Atteius Capito, a contemporary of Augustus and Tiberius, Suet. Gram. 10 and 22; Fest. pp. 176, 208, 227, 234 al.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 528; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 260, 3; he was also the founder of a distinguished law-school, and adversary of Antistius Labeo, Tac. A. 3, 75; Gell. 1, 12, 8; 2, 24, 2; 4, 14, 1 al., cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 553; Hugo, Rechtsgeschichte, p. 868; Zimmern, Rechtsgeschichte, l. p. 305 sq.

Attēius (better Atēius), ii, m., the name of several Latin grammarians.

Atteius Philologus, a distinguished rhetorician and grammarian, friend of Sallust and Asinius Pollio, Suet. Gram. 7 and 10; Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 601; 1, 273; 5, 45; Fest. pp. 179, 182, 187, 248 al.; Charis. p. 102 P.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 523; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 207, 1; also an historian, Suet. Gram. 10; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 285.—

Atteius Capito, a contemporary of Augustus and Tiberius, Suet. Gram. 10 and 22; Fest. pp. 176, 208, 227, 234 al.; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 528; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 260, 3; he was also the founder of a distinguished law-school, and adversary of Antistius Labeo, Tac. A. 3, 75; Gell. 1, 12, 8; 2, 24, 2; 4, 14, 1 al., cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 553; Hugo, Rechtsgeschichte, p. 868; Zimmern, Rechtsgeschichte, l. p. 305 sq.

Callĭmăchus, i, m., = Kallimachos.

A distinguished Greek poet and grammarian of Cyrene (hence Battiades; v. Battus, I. b.) who lived in Alexandria in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, B. C. 250, Quint. 10, 1, 58; Cic. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; 1, 39, 93; id. de Or. 3, 33, 32; Ov. R. Am. 759; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 100; Prop. 2, 1, 40; Ov. P. 4, 16, 32.—Hence, Callĭmăchīus, a, um, adj.:

metrum,

i. e. a choriambic tetrameter and an amphibrach, Serv. Centim. p. 1823 P.—

A celebrated sculptor, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 92.—

A physician, Plin. 21, 3, 9, § 12.

11, 2, 14, is yet unexplained; v. Spald. in h. l.

Callĭmăchus, i, m., = Kallimachos.

A distinguished Greek poet and grammarian of Cyrene (hence Battiades; v. Battus, I. b.) who lived in Alexandria in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, B. C. 250, Quint. 10, 1, 58; Cic. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; 1, 39, 93; id. de Or. 3, 33, 32; Ov. R. Am. 759; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 100; Prop. 2, 1, 40; Ov. P. 4, 16, 32.—Hence, Callĭmăchīus, a, um, adj.:

metrum,

i. e. a choriambic tetrameter and an amphibrach, Serv. Centim. p. 1823 P.—

A celebrated sculptor, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 92.—

A physician, Plin. 21, 3, 9, § 12.

11, 2, 14, is yet unexplained; v. Spald. in h. l.

Mărĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens.

The most celebrated is C. Marius, the conqueror of Jugurtha, and seven times consul, Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7; id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60; Sall. C. 59, 3; id. J. 46 sqq.; as a friend of the popular party, his name is used as an appellative: Caesari multos Marios inesse, Cæsar had many Mariuses in him, Sulla ap. Suet. Caes. 1 fin. —

M. Marius Gratidianus, Cic. Brut. 45, 168; 62, 224; id. Leg. 3, 16, 36; id. Off. 3, 20, 80; Sen. de Ira, 3, 18; Plin. 33, 9, 46, § 132.—

Marius Priscus, proconsul in Africa, tried for extortion, A. D. 100, Plin. Ep. 2, 11; Juv. 1, 49; 8, 120. —

Marius Victorinus, a rhetorician and grammarian, a native of Africa, in the middle of the fourth century of the Christian era. —Hence,

Mărĭus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to C. Marius, Marian:

lex,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38.—

Mărĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to C. Marius, Marian:

Mariani consulatus,

Cic. Brut. 47, 175:

scutum Cimbricum,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 266:

quercus,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 1:

tribunus plebis,

id. Agr. 3, 2, 7:

Mariana et Sullana tempestas,

Flor. 3, 12, 11:

Mariana et Cinnana rabies,

id. 4, 2, 2.— Subst.: Mărĭāna, ae, f., a Roman colony on the eastern coast of Corsica, founded by C. Marius, Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80; Mel. 2, 7, 19.— Plur. subst.: Mărĭ-āni, ōrum, m., another name of the Cernetari in Latium, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64.

Mărĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens.

The most celebrated is C. Marius, the conqueror of Jugurtha, and seven times consul, Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7; id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60; Sall. C. 59, 3; id. J. 46 sqq.; as a friend of the popular party, his name is used as an appellative: Caesari multos Marios inesse, Cæsar had many Mariuses in him, Sulla ap. Suet. Caes. 1 fin. —

M. Marius Gratidianus, Cic. Brut. 45, 168; 62, 224; id. Leg. 3, 16, 36; id. Off. 3, 20, 80; Sen. de Ira, 3, 18; Plin. 33, 9, 46, § 132.—

Marius Priscus, proconsul in Africa, tried for extortion, A. D. 100, Plin. Ep. 2, 11; Juv. 1, 49; 8, 120. —

Marius Victorinus, a rhetorician and grammarian, a native of Africa, in the middle of the fourth century of the Christian era. —Hence,

Mărĭus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to C. Marius, Marian:

lex,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38.—

Mărĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to C. Marius, Marian:

Mariani consulatus,

Cic. Brut. 47, 175:

scutum Cimbricum,

id. de Or. 2, 66, 266:

quercus,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 1:

tribunus plebis,

id. Agr. 3, 2, 7:

Mariana et Sullana tempestas,

Flor. 3, 12, 11:

Mariana et Cinnana rabies,

id. 4, 2, 2.— Subst.: Mărĭāna, ae, f., a Roman colony on the eastern coast of Corsica, founded by C. Marius, Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80; Mel. 2, 7, 19.— Plur. subst.: Mărĭ-āni, ōrum, m., another name of the Cernetari in Latium, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64.

Nīcander, dri, m., = Nikandros.

A physician, poet, and grammarian of Colophon, Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 69; Macr. S. 5, 21, 12.—

A Roman surname, Inscr. Maff. Mus. Ver. 274, 4.

Parthĕnĭus, ĭi, m., = Parthenios.

A mountain in Arcadia, now Partheni, Liv. 34, 26; Mel. 2, 3, 5; Plin. 4, 6, 10, § 21.—

Adj.:

Parthenii saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57; so,

nemus,

Ov. M. 9, 188; Stat. Th. 4, 285:

valles,

Ov. H. 9, 49:

antra,

Prop. 1, 1, 11.—

A river in Paphlagonia, now Bartan Tchai, Mel. 1, 19; Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 5; Val. Fl. 5, 104; Ov. P. 4, 10, 49.—

A Grecian erotic poet and grammarian, an instructor of Virgil, Suet. Tib. 70; Gell. 9, 9, 3; 13, 26, 1; Macr. S. 5, 17.—

A silversmith, famous in the time of Juvenal, Juv. 12, 43.—

A male proper name, Mart. 9, 50, 3.—Hence, Parthĕnĭānus, a, um, adj.: toga, given by Parthenius, Mart. l. l:

trĭbus, ūs (dat. and abl. plur.:

tribubus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16; Liv. 5, 18, 2; 23, 12, 16, etc.; but trebibos, Ephem. Epigr. 2, 208, n. 299; never tribibus; cf. Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 376, and v., in gen., Neue, Formenl. 1, 361 sqq.), f. [tri-; root in tres (dat. tribus) and bhū; Gr. phu- in phulê; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 163], orig. a third part of the Roman people; as their numbers increased it came to mean,

Lit., a division of the people, a tribe (the number of these tribes finally increased to thirty-five, of which thirty-one were rusticae tribus or country tribes, and four urbanae tribus or city tribes; the following are the names of the tribes, the city tribes being printed in Italics, viz.: Aemilia, Aniensis, Arniensis, Claudia, Collina, Cornelia, Crustumina, Esquilina, Fabia, Falerina, Galesia, Horatia, Lemonia, Maecia, Menenia, Oufentina, Palatina, Papiria, Pollia, Pomptina, Popilia, Pupinia, Quirina, Romilia, Sabatina, Scaptia, Sergia, Stellatina, Suburana, Terentina, Tromentina, Veientina, Velina, Veturia, Voltinia. Some of these names are the same as the names of Roman gentes, and others are derived from the names of places where these tribes at first resided), Varr. L. L. 4, 9, 17; Cic. Rep. 2, 8, 14; Liv. 1, 36, 7; 8, 37, 12; 9, 46, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.; id. Epit. 19; Col. 5, 1, 7; Val. Max. 7, 1, 2; 9, 10, 1; cf. Niebuhr, Röm. Gesch. 1, p. 426 sq.;

and see the names of these tribes in Inscr. Orell. II. pp. 11-28 and 147: inventum tamen esse fortem amicum ex eādem familia Q. Verrem Romilia,

of the Romilian tribe, Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 23; cf.

Ser. Sulpicius, Q. F. Lemonia, Rufus,

id. Phil. 9, 7, 15:

L. AVRELIVS L. FIL. CAMILIA FIRMVS, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3070:

Africanus censor tribu movebat eum centurionem, qui in Pauli pugna non affuerat,

removed, expelled from the tribe, Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 272; so,

tribu movere aliquem,

id. Clu. 43, 122; Liv. 45, 15, 4; 4, 24, 7; 24, 18, 6; 45, 15, 4; Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:

urbanae (tribus) in quas transferri ignominia esset, desidiae probro,

Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 13:

populus in tribus convocatus,

Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44:

ea multitudo tribus circuit, genibus se omnium advolvens,

Liv. 8, 37, 9.—

Trop., comicè:

grammaticas ambire tribus,

to canvass the Grammarian tribe, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 40.—

Transf.

Of Macedonians:

satellites illi ex tribu suā legunt,

Just. 13, 3, 1 (al. turbā).—

In gen., the commonalty, the mass, mob, poor people, Mart. 8, 15, 4; Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 54:

equitem imitatae tribus,

Flor. 2, 6, 25. — Prov.: sine tribu, without rank or position:

homo sine tribu, sine nomine,

Flor. 3, 13, 1.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

Căto, ōnis, m. [1. catus], a cognomen of several celebrated Romans in the gens Porcia, Valeria, Vettia al.

M. Porcius Cato the elder, distinguished as a rigid judge of morals; hence with the appel. Censorius;

whose most celebrated works were the Origines and De Re Rustica,

Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 135; Liv. 31, 1 sqq.; Plin. 7, 27, 28, § 100; 7, 30, 31, § 112; cf., concerning him, Bernhardy, Röm. Litt. p. 521 sq.; 650; Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 515; 258; 354 al.;

Ellendt, Cic. Brut. p. xix.-xxv.—As appel. of a severe judge,

Mart. 1, prooem. fin.; Phaedr. 4, 7, 21.—Hence,

Cătōnĭānus, a, um, adj., of Cato:

familia,

Cic. Q. Fr. 4, 6, 5:

aetas,

Sen. Tranq. 7, 5:

illa (i. e. praecepta),

id. Ep. 94, 27:

lingua,

i. e. of high morality, Mart. 9, 27, 14.—

His descendant, M. Porcius Cato the younger, the enemy of Cœsar, who committed suicide after the battle of Pharsalia, at Utica; hence with the appel. Uticensis.—

Cătōnīni, ōrum, m., the adherents or friends of Cato, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1; cf. catonium.—Concerning both, and the Porcian family in gen., v. Gell. 13, 20 Hertz, p. 19 Bip.—On account of their serious and austere character, serious, or gloomy, morose men are called Catones, Sen. Ep. 120, 19; cf. Juv. 2, 40; Phaedr. 4, 7, 21; Petr. 132.—

Valerius Cato, a celebrated grammarian of Gaul, and poet of the time of Sulla, Cat. 56; Ov. Tr. 2, 436; Suet. Gram. 2; 4; 11.—

Dionysius Cato, author of the Disticha de moribus, prob. about the time of Constantine; v. the Disticha, with the Sententiae of Syrus, at the end of the Fabulae of Phaedrus, Bip.

grammătĭcus, a, um, adj., = grammatikos, of or belonging to grammar, grammatical:

ars,

Auct. Her. 4, 12, 17; Quint. 1, 5, 54:

possis illud grammaticum, hoc rhetoricum magis dicere,

id. 9, 3, 2:

grammaticas ambire tribus et pulpita,

the tribes of the grammarians, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 40:

cum eundem (Tuditanum) de rebus grammaticis scripsisse constet,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.—

Subst.

grammătĭcus, i, m., a grammarian in the more extended sense of the word, a philologist: appellatio grammaticorum Graeca consuetudine invaluit: sed initio litterati vocabantur. Cornelius quoque Nepos litteratos vulgo appellari ait eos, qui aliquid diligenter et acute scienterque possint aut dicere aut scribere: ceterum proprie sic appellandos poëtarum interpretes, qui a Graecis grammatikoi nominentur... Veteres grammatici et rhetoricam docebant, etc., Suet. Gramm. 4:

ut si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loquatur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12; cf.:

grammatici custodes Latini sermonis,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

grammatici poëtarum explanatores sunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. Att. 7, 3, 10: hanc hupallagên rhetores, metônumian grammatici vocant, id. Or. 27, 93; Quint. 10, 1, 53; 1, 8, 21; cf. in the foll. the passage Quint. 2, 1, 4, and Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:

(Ateius) inter grammaticos rhetor, inter rhetores grammaticus,

Suet. Gramm. 10.—Prov.:

grammatici certant,

doctors disagree, Hor. A. P. 78.—

grammătĭca, ae, and gram-mătĭce, ēs (the first form in Cicero and Suet., the latter in Quint.), f., = grammatikê, grammar in the wider sense of the term, philology:

quamquam ea verba, quibus instituto veterum utimur pro Latinis, ut ipsa philosophia, ut rhetorica, dialectica, grammatica, geometria, musica, quamquam Latine ea dici poterant, tamen, quoniam usu percepta sunt, nostra ducamus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 5; id. de Or. 1, 42, 187; cf.:

et grammatice (quam in Latinum transferentes litteraturam vocaverunt) fines suos norit, praesertim tantum ab hac appellationis suae paupertate, intra quam primi illi constitere, provecta: nam tenuis a fonte, assumptis poëtarum historicorumque viribus, pleno jam satis alveo fluit, cum praeter rationem recte loquendi non parum alioqui copiosam prope omnium maximarum artium scientiam amplexa sit,

Quint. 2, 1, 4; cf. id. 2, 14, 3:

grammatica,

Suet. Gramm. 1; 2; 3; 6; 8;

24 et saep.: grammatice,

Quint. 1, 4, 2 sq.; 1, 5, 1; 1, 8, 12; 1, 10, 17 et saep.—

grammătĭca, ōrum, n., grammar, philology:

in grammaticis poëtarum pertractatio, historiarum cognitio, verborum interpretatio, pronuntiandi quidam sonus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187.— Adv.: grammă-tĭce, according to the rules of grammar, grammatically:

mihi non invenuste dici videtur, aliud esse Latine, aliud grammatice loqui,

Quint. 1, 6, 27.

grammătĭcus, i, v. 1. grammaticus, II. A.

Sulpĭcĭus, i, m.; Sulpĭcĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens; e. g.

Ser. Sulpicius Galba, consul 610 A.U.C., and an able orator, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 39; id. Brut. 22, 86.—

C. Sulpicius Gallus, a connoisseur in Greek literature, and a good orator, Cic. Brut. 20, 78; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Lael. 27, 101.—

Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, a very celebrated jurist, a contemporary and correspondent of Cicero; v. Cic. Fam. 4, 1 sqq.; Gell. 2, 10, 1; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 42 sq.—

C. Sulpicius Apollinaris, a grammarian, teacher of the emperor Pertinax, Gell. 2, 16, 8; 4, 17, 11.—

A tribune of the people. author of the lex Sulpicia, Nep. Att. 2, 1; Vell. 2, 18. —

Sulpicia, a Roman poetess in the time of Domitian, Mart. 10, 35, 1; Sid. Carm. 9, 262.—Hence,

Sulpĭcĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius:

horrea,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 18: lex, proposed by the people ' s tribune P.Sulpicius, Flor. 3, 21.—

Sul-pĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius: classis, commanded by the prætor P. Sulpicius, Caes. B. C. 3, 101: seditio, raised by P. Sulpicius, Quint. 6, 3, 75.

Sulpĭcĭus, i, m.; Sulpĭcĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens; e. g.

Ser. Sulpicius Galba, consul 610 A.U.C., and an able orator, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 39; id. Brut. 22, 86.—

C. Sulpicius Gallus, a connoisseur in Greek literature, and a good orator, Cic. Brut. 20, 78; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Lael. 27, 101.—

Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, a very celebrated jurist, a contemporary and correspondent of Cicero; v. Cic. Fam. 4, 1 sqq.; Gell. 2, 10, 1; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 42 sq.—

C. Sulpicius Apollinaris, a grammarian, teacher of the emperor Pertinax, Gell. 2, 16, 8; 4, 17, 11.—

A tribune of the people. author of the lex Sulpicia, Nep. Att. 2, 1; Vell. 2, 18. —

Sulpicia, a Roman poetess in the time of Domitian, Mart. 10, 35, 1; Sid. Carm. 9, 262.—Hence,

Sulpĭcĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius:

horrea,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 18: lex, proposed by the people ' s tribune P.Sulpicius, Flor. 3, 21.—

Sul-pĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius: classis, commanded by the prætor P. Sulpicius, Caes. B. C. 3, 101: seditio, raised by P. Sulpicius, Quint. 6, 3, 75.

Sulpĭcĭus, i, m.; Sulpĭcĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens; e. g.

Ser. Sulpicius Galba, consul 610 A.U.C., and an able orator, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 39; id. Brut. 22, 86.—

C. Sulpicius Gallus, a connoisseur in Greek literature, and a good orator, Cic. Brut. 20, 78; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Lael. 27, 101.—

Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, a very celebrated jurist, a contemporary and correspondent of Cicero; v. Cic. Fam. 4, 1 sqq.; Gell. 2, 10, 1; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 42 sq.—

C. Sulpicius Apollinaris, a grammarian, teacher of the emperor Pertinax, Gell. 2, 16, 8; 4, 17, 11.—

A tribune of the people. author of the lex Sulpicia, Nep. Att. 2, 1; Vell. 2, 18. —

Sulpicia, a Roman poetess in the time of Domitian, Mart. 10, 35, 1; Sid. Carm. 9, 262.—Hence,

Sulpĭcĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius:

horrea,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 18: lex, proposed by the people ' s tribune P.Sulpicius, Flor. 3, 21.—

Sul-pĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius: classis, commanded by the prætor P. Sulpicius, Caes. B. C. 3, 101: seditio, raised by P. Sulpicius, Quint. 6, 3, 75.